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metformin + clomiphene + human chorionic gonadotropin
- Development stage
- Unknown
- Lead developer
- Egyptian IVF-ET Center
- Modality
- Small Molecules
- Administration
- Oral, Subcutaneous, Intramuscular
01
Overview
This combination therapy regimen, consisting of metformin, clomiphene citrate, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), is being investigated by The Egyptian IVF-ET Center for the treatment of unexplained oligozoospermia and azoospermia in men with insulin resistance. The protocol is based on the hypothesis that insulin resistance may impair spermatogenesis, similar to its role in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women. Metformin serves as an insulin sensitizer to address underlying metabolic dysfunction. Clomiphene citrate, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), acts on the hypothalamus and pituitary to increase the secretion of gonadotropins (FSH and LH) by inhibiting estrogen feedback. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) acts as a luteinizing hormone (LH) analog, directly stimulating the Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone, thereby supporting sperm production. This triple-therapy approach aims to restore hormonal balance and improve sperm count and quality in infertile men.
- Other names
- Metformin / clomid / hCG
02
Targets
LHCGR (Luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor)ESR2 (ERβ)AMPK (Adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase)ESR1 (ERα)
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