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This triple combination therapy, consisting of metformin, empagliflozin, and sitagliptin, is being evaluated by Bahria University for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The combination leverages three distinct mechanisms of action: metformin (a biguanide) reduces hepatic glucose production and improves insulin sensitivity; empagliflozin (an SGLT2 inhibitor) promotes the renal excretion of glucose; and sitagliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor) enhances the incretin effect to stimulate insulin secretion and suppress glucagon release. It is currently being studied in a Phase 4, randomized, open-label clinical trial in Pakistan to compare its efficacy and safety as an initial triple therapy against other combinations in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive patients.
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