methylene blue + metformin

Methylene blue + metformin is an investigational drug combination being explored primarily for its synergistic effects on mitochondrial function, metabolic regulation, and cellular longevity. Metformin is a biguanide that lowers blood glucose by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibiting mitochondrial complex I, thereby reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis and improving insulin sensitivity. Methylene blue, a phenothiazine derivative, acts as a redox-active molecule and mitochondrial electron carrier that can bypass inhibited complex I and III, potentially mitigating the mitochondrial suppressive effects of metformin while providing antioxidant and neuroprotective benefits. This combination is currently under clinical evaluation for conditions characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, including polycystic kidney disease and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.

Other names

methylthioninium chloride + metformin