miltefosine + imiquimod

Miltefosine + imiquimod is a combination therapy consisting of oral miltefosine, an alkylphosphocholine antileishmanial agent, and topical imiquimod, an immune response modifier. Miltefosine acts primarily by disrupting cell membrane integrity and inducing apoptosis in Leishmania parasites. Imiquimod is a toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist that stimulates local immune responses, enhancing the host's ability to clear intracellular pathogens such as Leishmania species. This combination has been investigated for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis, aiming to improve cure rates by combining direct antiparasitic activity with immunomodulation[1][2].