morphine + ropivacaine + tramadol + epinephrine + ketorolac + ketamine

This multimodal cocktail analgesic injection is an investigational combination therapy developed by Kyunghee University Medical Center for the management of postoperative pain following cervical laminoplasty. The formulation consists of six active pharmaceutical ingredients: morphine (an opioid agonist), ropivacaine (a local anesthetic), tramadol (a dual-action opioid agonist and SNRI), epinephrine (a vasoconstrictor), ketorolac (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug), and ketamine (an NMDA receptor antagonist). The cocktail is mixed with normal saline to a total volume of 60 mL and is administered as a local injection into the perimuscular area immediately before wound closure. By combining medications that act through distinct pharmacological mechanisms, the therapy aims to provide synergistic analgesia, thereby reducing the reliance on systemic opioids and minimizing postoperative pain scores. It is currently being evaluated in a prospective randomized controlled trial (NCT06113497).

Other names

cocktail-Kyunghee University Medical Center-postoperative painMultimodal cocktail injectionCocktail injection