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morphine + ropivacaine + tramadol + epinephrine + ketorolac + ketamine
- Development stage
- Phase 4
- Lead developer
- Kyung Hee University Medical Center
- Modality
- Small Molecules
- Administration
- Local Injection
01
Overview
This multimodal cocktail analgesic injection is an investigational combination therapy developed by Kyunghee University Medical Center for the management of postoperative pain following cervical laminoplasty. The formulation consists of six active pharmaceutical ingredients: morphine (an opioid agonist), ropivacaine (a local anesthetic), tramadol (a dual-action opioid agonist and SNRI), epinephrine (a vasoconstrictor), ketorolac (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug), and ketamine (an NMDA receptor antagonist). The cocktail is mixed with normal saline to a total volume of 60 mL and is administered as a local injection into the perimuscular area immediately before wound closure. By combining medications that act through distinct pharmacological mechanisms, the therapy aims to provide synergistic analgesia, thereby reducing the reliance on systemic opioids and minimizing postoperative pain scores. It is currently being evaluated in a prospective randomized controlled trial (NCT06113497).
- Other names
- Multimodal cocktail injectionCocktail injection
02
Targets
MOR (Mu opioid receptor)NMDAR (Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA)NET (Norepinephrine Transporter)SERT (Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter)ADRA1A (α1A)PGHS-1 (Prostaglandin G/H Synthase 1)PTGS2 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2)NaV (Voltage-gated sodium channels)
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