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Neisseria lactamica (specifically the genetically modified, recombinant multi-strain preparation, also known as 4xrNlac or GM-Nlac) is an experimental live biotherapeutic agent and bacterial vaccine vector being developed by the University of Southampton for the prevention of Neisseria meningitidis infection and meningococcal meningitis. The therapy utilizes a harmless, commensal nasopharyngeal bacterium, Neisseria lactamica, which naturally colonizes the human nasopharynx and competitively excludes Neisseria meningitidis. To enhance its protective efficacy, the bacterium is genetically engineered to express two key meningococcal vaccine antigens: Factor H Binding Protein (FHbp) and Neisseria Adhesin A (NadA). Administered intranasally, this live recombinant bacterial vector is designed to safely colonize the upper respiratory tract and elicit protective, bactericidal immune responses against Neisseria meningitidis without causing disease. It is currently being evaluated in Phase 1 controlled human infection studies.
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