nimotuzumab + toripalimab + cisplatin + gemcitabine

This is a four-drug combination regimen consisting of nimotuzumab, toripalimab, cisplatin, and gemcitabine. Nimotuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and survival. Toripalimab is a monoclonal antibody that targets programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), acting as an immune checkpoint inhibitor to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. Cisplatin and gemcitabine are cytotoxic chemotherapy agents; cisplatin forms DNA crosslinks leading to apoptosis, while gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits DNA synthesis. This combination has been investigated in phase II clinical trials for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma and other advanced cancers, showing promising efficacy and manageable toxicity profiles[5]. The regimen leverages both targeted immunotherapy (anti-EGFR and anti-PD-1) with standard chemotherapeutic agents for synergistic anti-tumor effects.