norepinephrine + crystalloid

This intervention refers to the co-administration of intravenous **crystalloid** fluids (such as normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution) and a prophylactic infusion of **norepinephrine** to prevent hypotension following spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section. The protocol, studied at the **General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University** (NCT05690334), evaluates how varying volumes of crystalloid coload (0, 5, or 10 mL/kg) influence the 90% effective dose (ED90) of norepinephrine. Norepinephrine acts as a potent alpha-adrenergic agonist to maintain systemic vascular resistance, while crystalloids provide immediate intravascular volume expansion to counteract the vasodilation induced by spinal anesthesia.

Other names

crystalloid coloadnorepinephrine infusioncrystalloid-General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University-post-spinal anesthesia hypotension