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oxygen + interferon alfa + lopinavir + ritonavir
- Development stage
- Unknown
- Lead developer
- The Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital
- Modality
- Cytokines & Interferons → Recombinant Proteins and Enzymes, Small Molecules
- Administration
- Oral, Inhalation, Subcutaneous, Intramuscular
01
Overview
This therapeutic regimen is a multi-component combination investigated as a conventional medicine control arm in clinical trials for COVID-19, notably at the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital (Beijing 302 Hospital). The regimen consists of supportive respiratory care (oxygen therapy), an immunomodulatory biologic (interferon alfa), and a repurposed antiviral combination (lopinavir/ritonavir). Interferon alfa acts by stimulating innate immune pathways and inducing an antiviral state in host cells. Lopinavir is a small-molecule protease inhibitor that targets the viral 3C-like protease (3CLpro), while ritonavir serves as a pharmacokinetic enhancer by inhibiting the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme, thereby increasing the systemic exposure of lopinavir. This combination was widely utilized as a standard-of-care backbone during the early stages of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to evaluate the additive efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) interventions.
- Brand names
- Kaletra
- Other names
- oxygen + alfa interferon + lopinavir + ritonavir
02
Targets
CYP3A4 (Cytochrome P450 3A4)IFNAR (Immune system modulation via type I interferon receptor)PR (Progesterone receptor)
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