penpulimab + anlotinib hydrochloride; cadonilimab + anlotinib hydrochloride

This entry refers to two separate combination regimens, each pairing a monoclonal antibody immune checkpoint inhibitor with the multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor anlotinib hydrochloride. The first combination, penpulimab plus anlotinib hydrochloride, has been studied in multiple cancer types including advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC), and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Penpulimab is a humanized IgG1 anti–programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody that blocks PD-1-mediated immune evasion by tumors. Anlotinib is a small molecule oral multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antitumor activity. Cadonilimab is a bispecific monoclonal antibody targeting both programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), designed to enhance antitumor immunity by dual checkpoint blockade. Both combinations are being investigated primarily for their synergistic effects in inhibiting tumor growth through immune modulation and angiogenesis inhibition.