plasmid interleukin-12 + C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 + anti-CD3 antibody

This experimental combination immunotherapy consists of two gene therapy components—plasmids encoding Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL9)—and a monoclonal antibody targeting CD3. The therapy typically utilizes intratumoral electroporation to deliver the plasmids directly into the tumor microenvironment, where they induce the local expression of IL-12 and CXCL9. IL-12 is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that activates Natural Killer (NK) and T cells, while CXCL9 is a chemokine that recruits CXCR3-expressing T cells into the tumor. The co-administration of an anti-CD3 antibody provides a potent activation signal to these recruited and resident T cells. This triple-combination approach is designed to convert immunosuppressive "cold" tumors into immunologically active "hot" tumors and induce a systemic antitumor response (abscopal effect) capable of targeting distant metastases. It has been primarily investigated in preclinical models for melanoma and other solid tumors.

Other names

pIL-12 + pCXCL9 + anti-CD3pIL-12/CXCL9/anti-CD3