potassium nitrate + propionyl-L-carnitine + nicotinamide riboside

This is a combination product containing three active ingredients: - **Potassium nitrate** is an inorganic salt that serves as a source of nitrate, which can be converted in the body to nitric oxide, leading to vasodilation and improved blood flow. - **Propionyl-L-carnitine** is an acylated form of L-carnitine involved in mitochondrial fatty acid transport and energy production. It has been studied for its effects on peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, angina, and exercise performance by improving mitochondrial function and muscle energy metabolism[6][9][10]. - **Nicotinamide riboside** is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), essential for cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function. Supplementation increases NAD+ levels, supporting metabolic health. The combination aims to synergistically enhance vascular perfusion (via nitric oxide from nitrates), improve mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (via propionyl-L-carnitine), and boost cellular energy metabolism (via increased NAD+ from nicotinamide riboside). This approach targets conditions characterized by impaired perfusion or metabolic dysfunction such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)[1], obesity-related liver disease[2][3], or possibly other cardiovascular/metabolic disorders.