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Probiotic + lactulose is a combination product that consists of one or more probiotic strains combined with lactulose. Lactulose is a synthetic, non-absorbable disaccharide used as an osmotic laxative and for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. Probiotics are live microorganisms (such as *Lactobacillus*, *Bacillus licheniformis*, *Saccharomyces boulardii*, among others) that confer health benefits by restoring or maintaining a healthy gut microbiota balance. The combination is used to improve gastrointestinal transit, increase short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and relieve constipation more effectively than lactulose alone. In hepatic encephalopathy, the combination has been studied for its effect on lowering blood ammonia and improving cognitive function. Probiotics may have longer-term benefits versus lactulose in the management of minimal hepatic encephalopathy, but both are generally well tolerated[1][2][6].
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