propranolol + cortisol

This is a combination of two agents, propranolol and cortisol. Propranolol is a non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist (beta blocker) widely used to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, migraine prophylaxis, essential tremor, anxiety symptoms, and other conditions. It works by blocking beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the heart and vasculature, reducing sympathetic nervous system activity. Cortisol is an endogenous glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex; it regulates metabolism, immune response modulation, stress response via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and has anti-inflammatory effects. There are no approved pharmaceutical products combining propranolol with exogenous cortisol as a fixed-dose medication or branded product. However, experimental paradigms have studied their combined effects on stress physiology in humans—propranolol suppresses sympathetic nervous system reactivity while allowing for increased HPA axis/cortisol responses under acute psychosocial stress[1][6][8]. In animal models of chronic glucocorticoid exposure (using corticosterone), propranolol has been shown to mitigate cognitive deficits and reduce amyloid pathology[3].

Other names

propranolol and cortisol