recombinant interleukin-21 + pegylated liposomal doxorubicin

A **combination therapy** of recombinant interleukin-21 (an immunomodulatory cytokine) and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (a liposomal formulation of doxorubicin, an anthracycline chemotherapeutic agent) investigated for cancer therapy. Recombinant interleukin-21 enhances the activity and proliferation of immune effector cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, promoting antitumor immune responses. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin delivers doxorubicin to tumor tissue more efficiently than conventional doxorubicin by encapsulating it in polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated liposomes, enabling prolonged circulation time, selective tumor uptake via enhanced permeability and retention effect, and reduced toxicity to normal tissues. The combination is under investigation to potentially leverage both cytotoxic and immunostimulatory mechanisms in settings such as relapsed or refractory cancers.