robatumumab + epirubicin + cisplatin + 5-fluorouracil

This is an investigational **combination therapy** consisting of *robatumumab* (a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [IGF-1R]), *epirubicin* (an anthracycline antineoplastic agent), *cisplatin* (a platinum-based chemotherapy drug), and *5-fluorouracil* (a pyrimidine analog antimetabolite)[1][2][4][9]. - **Robatumumab** binds IGF-1R and blocks IGF-1/IGF-2 binding and activation, leading to downregulation of IGF-1R signaling, which is implicated in tumor growth and metastasis[1][3][5][7][9]. - **Epirubicin** intercalates DNA and inhibits topoisomerase II, causing DNA strand breaks and cell death[2][4][8]. - **Cisplatin** forms DNA crosslinks, inhibiting DNA replication and leading to apoptosis[4][6]. - **5-fluorouracil** inhibits thymidylate synthase and incorporates into RNA and DNA, blocking cell division[2][4][8]. This multidrug regimen was explored for treating various solid tumors, including **gastric cancer, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and advanced pancreatic cancer**, mainly in advanced or refractory settings[1][2][3][4][6][7][9]. Robatumumab was developed by *Merck* and *Schering-Plough*[1][3][9]. Clinical development involving robatumumab in this or related combinations has been largely **terminated** due to lack of efficacy or for strategic reasons[1][3][5][7].

Other names

19D12