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ropivacaine + morphine + flurbiprofen + epinephrine
- Development stage
- Unknown
- Lead developer
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital
- Modality
- Small Molecules
- Administration
- Periarticular, Intraarticular
01
Overview
A multimodal analgesic cocktail developed by Peking Union Medical College Hospital for periarticular infiltration during total knee arthroplasty in patients with osteoarthritis. The mixture contains ropivacaine (a local anesthetic), morphine (an opioid), flurbiprofen (an NSAID), and epinephrine (a vasoconstrictor). This combination is designed to provide localized, long-lasting pain relief by targeting multiple pain pathways: ropivacaine blocks sodium channels to inhibit nerve conduction, morphine activates mu-opioid receptors, flurbiprofen inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes to reduce inflammation, and epinephrine prolongs the local effect by inducing vasoconstriction. It is administered directly into the surgical site (periarticular and intraarticular) to improve postoperative recovery and reduce the need for systemic opioids.
- Other names
- periarticular infiltrationPAI cocktailmultimodal periarticular injection
02
Targets
PGHS-1 (Prostaglandin G/H Synthase 1)PTGS2 (Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2)ADRA1A (α1A)DOR (Opioid Receptor Delta 1)KOR (Kappa opioid receptor)MOR (Mu opioid receptor)SCN9A (Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha)
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