salicylate + ethyl pyruvate

This is a combination of two small molecules, salicylate (typically referring to aspirin or its derivatives) and ethyl pyruvate. Both agents have anti-inflammatory properties and distinct mechanisms of action. Ethyl pyruvate is an aliphatic ester of pyruvic acid with demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiplatelet, and anticoagulant effects. Salicylates (such as aspirin) are well-known for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and antiplatelet actions primarily through cyclooxygenase inhibition. The combination has been studied for synergistic neuroprotective effects in models of cerebral ischemia; together they modulate the NF-kappaB signaling pathway at different points—aspirin inhibits IkappaB kinase-beta in the cytoplasm while ethyl pyruvate interferes with NF-kappaB binding in the nucleus[1]. This results in enhanced suppression of inflammation and improved outcomes after brain ischemia.