saxagliptin + insulin

Saxagliptin + insulin is a combination therapy used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Saxagliptin is an oral small molecule drug that acts as a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, increasing levels of incretin hormones such as GLP-1 and GIP, which in turn stimulate glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells and decrease glucagon secretion from alpha cells. Insulin is a peptide hormone administered by injection to directly lower blood glucose by promoting cellular uptake of glucose and inhibiting hepatic glucose production. The combination aims to improve glycemic control when diet, exercise, or monotherapy are insufficient[1][2][3][5]. Saxagliptin was developed by Bristol Myers Squibb/AstraZeneca and approved for use in 2009[3]. This combination does not represent a fixed-dose co-formulation but rather concurrent use of both agents.