sorafenib + cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin

This is a **combination therapy** consisting of **sorafenib**, **cyclophosphamide**, and **doxorubicin**, all of which are established antineoplastic small molecules. - **Sorafenib** is a multikinase inhibitor targeting multiple kinases involved in tumor proliferation and angiogenesis, including RAF kinases, VEGFR, and PDGFR. - **Cyclophosphamide** is an alkylating agent that crosslinks DNA leading to cell death, primarily used in various solid tumors and hematological malignancies. - **Doxorubicin** is an anthracycline anticancer antibiotic, which intercalates DNA, inhibits topoisomerase II, and generates free radicals causing cytotoxicity. This specific triple combination has been studied in preclinical and early clinical settings in oncology, particularly for **osteosarcoma** and as part of investigational regimens in **breast cancer** and other solid tumors, often where treatment resistance or poor prognosis is anticipated. The rationale of this combination is to integrate targeted therapy (sorafenib) with established cytotoxic agents (cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin) to enhance antitumor efficacy by attacking cancer cells through several mechanisms: kinase inhibition, DNA alkylation, and DNA intercalation with free radical formation[1][2][3][4][5][6].