standard of care + quinine sulfate

This is a combination therapy consisting of "standard of care" plus quinine sulfate. "Standard of care" refers to the best-known treatment regimen for a particular disease, which may vary depending on the indication and local guidelines. Quinine sulfate is an antimalarial small molecule that acts by interfering with the parasite's ability to digest hemoglobin, leading to its death. It is primarily used in combination with antibiotics such as doxycycline, tetracycline, or clindamycin for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, especially in cases resistant to chloroquine[1][5][6]. The mechanism involves inhibition of heme polymerase activity in Plasmodium species.