theophylline + dextrose

**Theophylline + dextrose** is an intravenous combination product containing the bronchodilator theophylline dissolved in a sterile solution of 5% dextrose. It is used as adjunctive therapy for acute exacerbations of asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema, especially in hospitalized patients not responding adequately to first-line inhaled beta-2 agonists and corticosteroids. Theophylline acts by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle (bronchodilation) and reducing airway responsiveness to various stimuli. Its mechanism involves competitive inhibition of phosphodiesterase III and IV (increasing intracellular cAMP), antagonism of adenosine receptors (A1, A2, A3), and anti-inflammatory effects such as inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB and increased histone deacetylase 2 activity. The dextrose serves as a diluent and energy source, allowing safe intravenous administration.

Brand names

Theophylline in 5% Dextrose Injection USP

Other names

theophylline/dextrose premix