tislelizumab + gemcitabine + carboplatin

This is a **combination regimen** comprising tislelizumab, gemcitabine, and carboplatin. Tislelizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that acts as an immune checkpoint inhibitor by targeting PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1), thereby blocking PD-1-mediated immune evasion by tumors and reactivating T-cell anti-tumor response. Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits DNA synthesis, acting as a cytotoxic antineoplastic agent. Carboplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent that causes DNA cross-linking and apoptosis. The combination is investigated as a first-line treatment for advanced urothelial carcinoma, especially for patients ineligible for cisplatin therapy, and it is currently in Phase 3 clinical trials[3][4][5][7]. This regimen harnesses both immune checkpoint blockade and cytotoxic chemotherapy for synergistic antitumor effects[3][4].