TNFα + doxorubicin + estradiol

This is an experimental combination therapy consisting of three agents: - **TNFα (Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha):** A pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in immune regulation and inflammation, often studied for its role in cancer biology and as a therapeutic target or modulator. - **Doxorubicin:** An anthracycline chemotherapeutic agent that intercalates DNA, inhibits topoisomerase II, and generates free radicals leading to cytotoxicity. It is widely used for various cancers. - **Estradiol (specifically 17β-Estradiol):** A potent estrogen receptor agonist hormone involved in the regulation of reproductive and other tissues; it can influence hormone-driven cancers such as breast cancer. The combination has been studied primarily in preclinical models (e.g., MCF-7 breast cancer cells) to investigate regulatory crosstalk between inflammatory signaling (via TNFα), DNA damage/cytotoxic stress (via doxorubicin), and hormonal signaling (via estradiol). This triple treatment induces unique gene expression changes not seen with single or double combinations, particularly affecting the ESR1 network through coordinated activation of p53 and NF-kB transcription factors. The approach aims to model how these pathways interact in hormone-driven cancers under inflammatory conditions[1].

Other names

TNF-alpha + doxorubicin + estradioltumor necrosis factor alpha + doxorubicin + 17β-estradiol