topical steroids + cyclosporin

Topical steroids + cyclosporin is a combination therapy involving the concurrent use of topical corticosteroids and cyclosporin (cyclosporine A), typically applied to the skin or ocular surface. This regimen leverages the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties of both agents. Topical corticosteroids act by suppressing multiple inflammatory cytokines and mediators, reducing local inflammation rapidly. Cyclosporin is a calcineurin inhibitor that blocks T-cell activation by inhibiting peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A (cyclophilin), thereby decreasing immune-mediated inflammation[7]. The combination is used in dermatology for conditions such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, as well as in ophthalmology for dry eye disease (DED) and graft rejection prophylaxis after corneal transplantation[1][2][3][8]. The rationale for combining these drugs includes enhanced efficacy, faster symptom control, potential steroid-sparing effects, and improved outcomes in refractory cases.