toripalimab + gemcitabine + mitomycin C

This combination therapy consists of the PD-1 inhibitor toripalimab administered intravenously in conjunction with a sequential intravesical regimen of gemcitabine and mitomycin C. It is being investigated by the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University for the treatment of patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC) who are unresponsive to or intolerant of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy. Toripalimab is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between the PD-1 receptor and its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2), thereby restoring T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity. Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that inhibits DNA synthesis by acting as an antimetabolite, while mitomycin C is a cytotoxic antibiotic that functions as a DNA alkylating agent to cross-link DNA. This multi-modal approach aims to provide both systemic immune activation and localized cytotoxic eradication of tumor cells within the bladder to prevent recurrence and progression.

Brand names

TuoyiLoqtorziGemzarMutamycin

Other names

toripalimab plus sequential intravesical gemcitabine and mitomycin Ctoripalimab with sequential intravesical GEM-MMCtoripalimab-First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University-non-muscle invasive bladder cancer