tumor treating fields + durvalumab + gemcitabine + cisplatin

This is a **combination therapy** that integrates *Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields)*, *durvalumab*, *gemcitabine*, and *cisplatin*, designed for the treatment of solid tumors, particularly biliary tract cancer and potentially other unresectable, advanced, or metastatic malignancies. - **Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields)** are low-intensity, intermediate-frequency (100–300 kHz) alternating electric fields delivered noninvasively via a portable device placed on the skin. TTFields disrupt cancer cell mitosis, impair DNA damage responses, interrupt cell motility, induce apoptosis, autophagy, and modulate immune function, all leading to tumor cell death while sparing most normal cells[1][4][7]. - **Durvalumab** is a programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) monoclonal antibody classified as a checkpoint inhibitor, enhancing antitumor immunity by blocking the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1, thus promoting T-cell mediated response against cancer[2][5][8]. - **Gemcitabine** is a nucleoside analog chemotherapy agent, inhibiting DNA synthesis during replication, leading to apoptosis in rapidly dividing tumor cells[2][3][5][6][8]. - **Cisplatin** is a platinum-based chemotherapy, inducing DNA crosslinking and apoptosis, and is synergistic with gemcitabine in killing cancer cells[2][3][5][6][8]. Clinical studies support the efficacy and safety of this triple-drug backbone with TTFields in biliary tract cancers and support potential use in other advanced solid tumors. The combination leverages multiple mechanisms: physical disruption of mitosis, immune checkpoint inhibition, and cytotoxic chemotherapy, each with distinct but complementary modalities and mechanisms of action[1][2][4][5][8].