tutin + hyenanchin

**Tutin + hyenanchin** is a combination of two structurally related neurotoxic sesquiterpene lactones, both naturally occurring plant toxins. Tutin is most famously derived from several plants such as *Coriaria* species and *Hyaenanche globosa*, while hyenanchin is commonly isolated from *Hyaenanche globosa*. They are both potent neurotoxins known for their ability to antagonize inhibitory neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Tutin and hyenanchin act primarily as **non-competitive antagonists of the GABAA receptor**, blocking the main inhibitory pathway in the mammalian brain and resulting in CNS stimulation, convulsions, and potentially death in higher doses. Both have been implicated in the toxicity associated with contaminated honeys in New Zealand and are known to evoke epileptiform activity and convulsions in animal models. In addition to GABAA antagonism, tutin also inhibits glycine receptors in the spinal cord and possibly other ligand-gated ion channels. Cytotoxicity and some anti-cancer activity in vitro have been described, but their primary relevance is toxicological, not therapeutic. There are no established pharmaceutical uses, primary indications, developers, or manufacturers for this combination, and no evidence supports their appropriateness as medicines[1][2][3][5].