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Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) are a type of multipotent cell therapy derived from the gelatinous Wharton's jelly tissue of human umbilical cords. In clinical research conducted by the Diabetes Care Center of Nanjing Military Command, these cells are being investigated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The therapeutic mechanism involves the cells' potential to differentiate into insulin-producing cells, provide immunomodulatory effects, and secrete paracrine factors that protect residual pancreatic beta-cells and improve insulin sensitivity. In specific trials, such as NCT01954147, UC-MSC transplantation is evaluated as a combined therapy with the GLP-1 receptor agonist liraglutide to synergistically improve glucose homeostasis and beta-cell function. The cells are typically administered via intravenous infusion and are valued for their low immunogenicity and regenerative potential.
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