vilobelimab + pembrolizumab

Vilobelimab is a chimeric monoclonal IgG4 antibody that selectively binds and inhibits complement factor C5a, a potent pro-inflammatory mediator generated during complement activation. It is developed primarily for the treatment of severe inflammatory conditions, including COVID-19 in adults requiring mechanical ventilation or artificial life support[1]. Pembrolizumab is a humanized monoclonal IgG4 antibody targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‑1), an immune checkpoint receptor on T cells. By blocking PD‑1 interaction with its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2), pembrolizumab enhances anti-tumor immune responses and is approved for multiple cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, urothelial carcinoma, classical Hodgkin lymphoma, among others[5][6][8]. The combination of vilobelimab and pembrolizumab represents an investigational approach aiming to leverage both anti-inflammatory effects (via C5a inhibition) and enhanced anti-tumor immunity (via PD‑1 blockade).