VMn-Gd + glucose oxidase + extracellular vesicles

VMn-Gd + glucose oxidase + extracellular vesicles is an experimental biomimetic nanosystem designed for the synergistic treatment of breast carcinoma. It consists of a vanadium-doped manganese-gadolinium (VMn-Gd) nanoparticle core, functionalized with the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx), and encapsulated within extracellular vesicles (EVs) for targeted delivery. The system utilizes a multi-modal therapeutic approach: GOx induces tumor starvation by depleting glucose and generates hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which then fuels a Fenton-like reaction catalyzed by the VMn-Gd core to produce toxic hydroxyl radicals (chemodynamic therapy). Additionally, the manganese component depletes intracellular glutathione (GSH), sensitizing the tumor to oxidative stress and radiotherapy. The gadolinium component enables T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for treatment monitoring. This nanosystem aims to overcome the limitations of conventional therapies by combining starvation, chemodynamic, and radiation therapies within a single targeted delivery vehicle.