5'-nucleotidase, ecto (commonly referred to as Ecto-5'-nucleotidase or CD73) (CD73)

Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell-surface enzyme that hydrolyzes extracellular AMP into adenosine and inorganic phosphate. Adenosine regulates local immune suppression, tissue protection, and vascular tone. CD73 is highly expressed on lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and certain cancer cells, where it is implicated in tumor progression, chemoresistance, and poor prognosis. Targeting CD73 is considered a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy and inflammation but poses risks due to its roles in immunoregulation and tissue homeostasis.

Other names

CD73NT5E (gene symbol)5′-nucleotidase (ecto)Ecto-5′-nucleotidase5′-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase

Inhibitors prevent the conversion of AMP to adenosine, thus reducing local immunosuppression mediated by adenosine signaling. Adenosine produced by CD73 activates adenosine receptors (A2A, A2B), leading to immune cell inhibition, promotion of tumor growth, and regulation of inflammation.