5'-transfer RNA-derived fragment Gly-GCC (5'-tRF-GlyGCC)

5'-tRF-GlyGCC is a regulatory small non-coding RNA produced through the specific cleavage of mature or precursor Glycine tRNA containing the GCC anticodon. It functions as a key molecular switch in various disease states, most notably in cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Biological studies indicate that 5'-tRF-GlyGCC directly binds to proteins such as the Fat Mass and Obesity-associated (FTO) demethylase, thereby enhancing its activity and subsequently altering the m6A methylation of target mRNAs like eIF4G1 to promote tumor growth. In clinical contexts, it is significantly upregulated in the plasma and tissues of patients with colorectal and breast cancer, where it correlates with metastasis and poor prognosis. Beyond oncology, this fragment contributes to the development of atherosclerotic plaques by stimulating the proliferation and migration of vascular cells. While no FDA-approved drugs currently target this molecule, experimental antisense oligonucleotides and specialized nanotherapeutic delivery systems have shown promise in reversing its oncogenic effects and overcoming chemoresistance to agents like 5-fluorouracil. Its stability in biological fluids makes it an attractive candidate for development as a non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarker.

Other names

5'tiRNA-Gly-GCCtsRNA-Gly-GCC5'-tRF-Gly-GCC5'-half-GlyGCCtRF-5-GlyGCC

Experimental therapies utilize sequence-specific antisense inhibitors to bind and sequester 5'-tRF-GlyGCC, preventing its interaction with regulatory proteins like FTO and restoring normal mRNA methylation and cellular pathways such as autophagy.