Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC)

Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase Overview

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a biotin-dependent enzyme (EC 6.4.1.2) that catalyzes the irreversible carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA, which is the first and rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis. This reaction plays a central role in lipid metabolism by providing malonyl-CoA for fatty acid biosynthesis and regulating fatty acid oxidation. There are two main isoforms in mammals: ACC1 (ACCα) and ACC2 (ACCβ). ACC1 is primarily expressed in lipogenic tissues and involved in de novo lipogenesis, while ACC2 is mainly found in oxidative tissues and regulates mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. The enzyme is regulated allosterically and via phosphorylation.

Mechanism of Action

Inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity

Biological Functions

Safety Considerations