Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1; Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC1; ACC2)

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 and 2 are biotin-dependent enzymes serving as the first and rate-limiting step in fatty acid metabolism: ACC1 is primarily cytosolic and catalyzes de novo fatty acid synthesis by converting acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA in liver and adipose tissue, while ACC2 is associated with the mitochondrial outer membrane in heart and skeletal muscle and regulates fatty acid β-oxidation by controlling malonyl-CoA levels that inhibit carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1. Both isoforms are highly conserved, multi-domain enzymes regulated by phosphorylation, allosteric modulators, and oligomerization dynamics. They play vital roles in cellular energy balance, lipid storage, and are implicated as therapeutic targets in several metabolic diseases and cancer

Other names

ACC alphaACC betaACCαACCβACACA (gene for ACC1)ACACB (gene for ACC2)

Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis (ACC1 inhibition)\nEnhancement of fatty acid β-oxidation (ACC2 inhibition)\nInhibition of carboxylase activity\nDisruption of enzyme dimerization or conformational regulation