Acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit alpha (accA3) (ACCA3)

MAP_3404 is a gene in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that encodes the biotin carboxylase (BC) subunit, also known as accA3, of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzyme complex [2], [10]. This enzyme system is responsible for the first committed and rate-limiting step in fatty acid biosynthesis, where it catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA [10], [12]. In mycobacteria, malonyl-CoA is a vital precursor for the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids and mycolic acids, which are critical structural components of the unique, lipid-rich cell wall that facilitates bacterial survival and virulence within host macrophages [3], [8]. MAP is the causative agent of Johne's disease, a chronic and debilitating inflammatory bowel disease in ruminants, and has been extensively studied for its potential role in human Crohn's disease [1], [3]. Because the bacterial ACC complex is essential for cell wall integrity and possesses structural differences from eukaryotic counterparts, MAP_3404 is considered a highly promising target for the development of novel antimycobacterial drugs [6], [7]. Furthermore, the protein product of MAP_3404 is highly antigenic and has been identified as a key target for monoclonal antibodies used in diagnostic ELISAs to detect MAP infection in livestock [2], [4].

Other names

MAP_3404Biotin carboxylase subunit of acetyl-CoA carboxylaseaccA3Acetyl-CoA carboxylase subunit A 3BC subunit

Inhibition of the biotin carboxylase activity of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex, preventing the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA and subsequently halting the biosynthesis of essential mycolic acids.