Actin, cytoplasmic 1 (ACTB)

Actin, cytoplasmic 1 (encoded by the ACTB gene, commonly known as β-actin), is a highly conserved, abundant structural protein ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells[1][4][6][7]. It dynamically assembles into filaments (F-actin) and exists in a monomeric form (G-actin), forming the core of the cytoskeleton and participating in various essential cellular processes including maintenance of cell shape, cell motility, cell division (cytokinesis), chromatin remodeling, and regulation of gene expression[1][2][4][5][8]. Actin filaments interact with numerous actin-binding proteins, affecting key cellular activities and acting as hubs for complex intracellular signaling and structure[2][3][4]. Mutations in ACTB can cause human disease, including developmental syndromes and have secondary roles in cancer cell biology[8]. Actin is not typically considered a classical therapeutic target due to its essential and conserved functions, but it is extensively used as a cellular marker and research tool[1][4]. Several toxins and research drugs bind actin, interfering with filament dynamics (e.g., cytochalasin D, phalloidin), but their clinical utility is limited by toxicity and a lack of cell-type specificity[4].

Other names

Beta-actinCytoplasmic actin 1ACTB

Polymerization inhibition or stabilization (for actin inhibitors/stabilizers); Disruption of actin filaments influencing cell motility, morphology, and division