Actin-related protein 1 (Arp1) (Arp1)

Actin-related protein 1 (Arp1), also known as centractin, is the primary structural component of the dynactin complex, forming a 37-nm minifilament that serves as its core backbone [1.1.1, 1.2.3]. This complex is an essential co-factor for the microtubule-based motor protein cytoplasmic dynein-1, which is responsible for the retrograde transport of organelles, vesicles, and proteins [1.2.4, 1.5.1]. Arp1 facilitates the linkage between the dynein motor and its diverse cargoes, often through interactions with spectrin-linked cytoskeletal networks [1.1.1, 1.5.2]. Unlike conventional actin, Arp1 filaments are resistant to common actin-disrupting agents such as cytochalasin D and do not bind phalloidin [1.1.1, 1.5.2]. Dysfunction or mutations in the dynactin complex are associated with various neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Perry syndrome, highlighting the protein's importance in neuronal health [1.2.1, 1.2.2]. In cancer, Arp1 is involved in mitotic spindle assembly and chromosome movement, making it a potential area of interest for anti-proliferative research [1.3.2, 1.4.1]. Although no clinical drugs currently target Arp1 directly, it remains a significant subject of study for understanding and potentially treating transport-related pathologies [1.5.1]. The essential nature of Arp1 in basic cellular processes presents a therapeutic challenge, as global inhibition could lead to significant toxicity [1.3.3].

Other names

CentractinACTR1AArp1ACTRN1Alpha-centractinActin-RPVCentrosome-associated actin homolog

Acts as the structural filament backbone of the dynactin complex, providing a scaffold for cargo adaptors and the dynein motor to facilitate microtubule-based transport.