Target intelligence / Profile preview

Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1)

Target
ACVR1
Molecular classification
Receptor, Serine/threonine kinase receptor, Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor, Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily receptor
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Overview

Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1, also known as ALK-2), is a transmembrane serine/threonine kinase receptor that mediates signaling by members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamilies. ACVR1 forms receptor complexes with type II BMP receptors for ligand binding and activation, leading to phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/8 proteins and regulation of diverse biological processes, most notably bone and tissue morphogenesis, cell differentiation, and cardiac development. Pathogenic gain-of-function mutations in ACVR1 are causative for fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare disorder characterized by heterotopic bone formation, and also contribute to certain pediatric gliomas. ACVR1 is a validated therapeutic target for inhibition in FOP and is under study for several drug programs focused on rare diseases and oncology.

Other names
ALK-2Activin receptor-like kinase-2ACVR1Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type IA
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Mechanism of action

Inhibition of ACVR1/ALK2 kinase activity (main mechanism for anti-FOP drugs and cancer research); Modulation of BMP/SMAD signaling, leading to alteration of transcriptional programs

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Biological functions

Signal transductionCell differentiationBone morphogenesisOsteoblast differentiationHeart and cartilage developmentNervous system and reproductive system developmentRegulation of transcription (via SMADs)Branching morphogenesis in blood vesselsCell proliferation
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Disease associations

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP)Cancer (notably diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, DIPG)Skeletal dysplasiaPotential implications in cardiovascular and reproductive diseases
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Safety considerations

On-target toxicity leading to impaired normal bone, reproductive, cardiac, and vascular developmentOff-target kinase inhibition causing cytopenia, cardiac dysfunction, or vascular abnormalitiesSuppression of normal ACVR1 function causing abnormal skeletal, cardiac, or vascular development
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Interacting drugs

Dorsomorphin (experimental inhibitor)

4 more in the full profile.

07

Biomarkers

Mutant ACVR1 allele (especially R206H mutation for identifying susceptibility to FOP)Heterotopic ossification (imaging/clinical marker in FOP)SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation status (for pathway activation)

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