Adenosine Receptor (Central) (ADOR)

Adenosine receptors are a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate the physiological and pharmacological effects of adenosine in the central nervous system (CNS). These receptors play crucial roles in modulating neurotransmission, neuroprotection, and neuromodulation. There are four known subtypes: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3, each with distinct tissue distribution, signaling mechanisms, and pharmacological profiles. A1 and A3 inhibit adenylyl cyclase, decreasing cAMP levels, while A2A and A2B stimulate adenylyl cyclase, increasing cAMP. They act as neuromodulators, regulating the release of key neurotransmitters. They are implicated in diseases such as neurodegeneration and are targets for drugs treating cardiovascular, neurological, inflammatory, and psychiatric disorders. Caffeine exerts stimulating effects by blocking these receptors.

Agonism or antagonism of adenosine receptors, leading to modulation of cAMP levels and downstream signaling pathways.