Adenovirus serotype 5 structural proteins (Ad5 structural proteins) (Ad5 structural proteins)

Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) structural proteins constitute the icosahedral shell of the virus, primarily comprising the hexon, penton base, and fiber proteins [1]. These proteins are essential for the viral life cycle, mediating high-affinity binding to the Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) and subsequent internalization via integrin-mediated endocytosis [2]. In modern medicine, these structural proteins are extensively utilized as scaffolds for gene therapy vectors and vaccine delivery platforms, including several authorized COVID-19 vaccines [3]. A significant clinical challenge is the high prevalence of pre-existing immunity in the human population, where neutralizing antibodies against Ad5 structural proteins can prematurely clear the vector and reduce therapeutic potency [4]. Furthermore, systemic administration of Ad5-based agents can lead to significant safety concerns, such as hepatotoxicity and the induction of a systemic inflammatory response [5]. Research continues to focus on engineering these structural proteins to create stealth vectors that can bypass immune surveillance while maintaining target cell specificity [2].

Other names

Ad5 capsid proteinsHuman adenovirus C serotype 5 structural proteinsAd5 hexon, penton, and fiber proteins

Neutralization of viral capsid proteins (hexon and fiber) by antibodies to prevent host cell attachment and entry [4]; use of the capsid as a delivery vehicle for heterologous antigens or genetic material in vaccines and gene therapy [3]; inhibition of viral DNA polymerase by associated antivirals [1].