Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 (ADGRL3) (ADGRL3)

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3 (ADGRL3), also known as Latrophilin-3, is a prominent member of the Adhesion GPCR family characterized by a large extracellular N-terminus containing a rhamnose-binding lectin-like (RBL) domain (UniProt: Q9UPU5). This receptor is primarily expressed in the brain, where it facilitates synapse formation and maintenance through trans-synaptic interactions with ligands such as teneurins and fibronectin leucine-rich transmembrane (FLRT) proteins (PMID: 22388963). ADGRL3 has gained significant attention as a therapeutic target due to its strong genetic association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders, suggesting that its modulation could correct synaptic dysfunction (PMID: 20154674). Additionally, other members of this family, such as ADGRL4 (ELTD1), which also possess the RBL domain, are being investigated as targets for anti-angiogenic therapy in various cancers (PMID: 25730868). While no drugs currently target ADGRL3 in clinical practice, it remains a high-priority candidate for the development of novel neuro-modulatory agents. The term 'rhamnose-binding lectin-like protein' is considered incorrect as a canonical name because it refers to a structural domain found across the Latrophilin family rather than a specific protein entity.

Other names

Latrophilin-3LPHN3CIRL3Calcium-independent receptor of alpha-latrotoxin 3Rhamnose-binding lectin-like domain-containing protein 3

Modulation of synaptic adhesion and intracellular signaling pathways (e.g., cAMP/PKA) through G protein activation and trans-synaptic ligand binding.