Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Overview
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), also known as patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (PNPLA2), is the primary enzyme responsible for initiating the hydrolysis of triglycerides in adipocytes and other tissues. It converts triglycerides into diacylglycerols and free fatty acids. ATGL plays a critical role in energy homeostasis, providing fatty acids for beta-oxidation during periods of fasting or exercise. Dysregulation of ATGL is implicated in various metabolic disorders, making it a potential therapeutic target for obesity, diabetes, and related conditions.
Mechanism of Action
ATGL hydrolyzes triglycerides into diacylglycerol and a free fatty acid. Modulation of ATGL activity (e.g., inhibition or activation) affects intracellular lipolysis and fatty acid availability.
Biological Functions
Disease Associations
Safety Considerations
- Dysregulation can lead to imbalances between lipid storage and mobilization, potentially exacerbating metabolic disorders.
- Complete inhibition might lead to toxic accumulation of triglycerides.
- Over-activation may deplete lipid stores excessively.