Molecular Classification
Enzyme, Hydrolase
Other Names
Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2, PNPLA2, Desnutrin, Triglyceride Lipase
Disease Roles
Neutral lipid storage diseaseObesityDiabetes mellitus

Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Overview

Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), also known as patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (PNPLA2), is the primary enzyme responsible for initiating the hydrolysis of triglycerides in adipocytes and other tissues. It converts triglycerides into diacylglycerols and free fatty acids. ATGL plays a critical role in energy homeostasis, providing fatty acids for beta-oxidation during periods of fasting or exercise. Dysregulation of ATGL is implicated in various metabolic disorders, making it a potential therapeutic target for obesity, diabetes, and related conditions.

Mechanism of Action

ATGL hydrolyzes triglycerides into diacylglycerol and a free fatty acid. Modulation of ATGL activity (e.g., inhibition or activation) affects intracellular lipolysis and fatty acid availability.

Biological Functions

Lipolysis
Triglyceride hydrolysis
Fatty acid mobilization
Energy homeostasis

Disease Associations

Neutral lipid storage disease
Obesity
Diabetes mellitus
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Cardiovascular disease
Dyslipidemia

Safety Considerations

  • Dysregulation can lead to imbalances between lipid storage and mobilization, potentially exacerbating metabolic disorders.
  • Complete inhibition might lead to toxic accumulation of triglycerides.
  • Over-activation may deplete lipid stores excessively.