Adrenergic System Overview
The adrenergic system is a regulatory component of the autonomic nervous system that uses the neurotransmitters epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) to mediate neural and endocrine functions throughout the body. This system plays a central role in controlling cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, and other physiological processes by acting through specific cell surface receptors known as adrenergic receptors. These receptors are primarily divided into two main classes—alpha (α) and beta (β)—with further subtypes within each class: Alpha-1 (α1), Alpha-2 (α2), Beta-1 (β1), Beta-2 (β2), and Beta-3 (β3). Each subtype has distinct tissue distributions and physiological roles.
Mechanism of Action
Agonism or antagonism of adrenergic receptors, modulating downstream signaling pathways.
Biological Functions
Disease Associations
Safety Considerations
- Cardiovascular side effects (e.g., arrhythmias, hypotension)
- Bronchospasm (with beta-blockers in susceptible individuals)
- Central nervous system effects (e.g., anxiety, insomnia)
Interacting Drugs
Associated Biomarkers
Biomarker |
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Plasma catecholamine levels |
Adrenergic receptor polymorphisms |