Molecular Classification
G protein-coupled receptor, Receptor
Other Names
Adrenergic receptors, Adrenoreceptors, Sympathoadrenal system
Disease Roles
HypertensionHeart failureAsthma

Adrenergic System Overview

The adrenergic system is a regulatory component of the autonomic nervous system that uses the neurotransmitters epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) to mediate neural and endocrine functions throughout the body. This system plays a central role in controlling cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, and other physiological processes by acting through specific cell surface receptors known as adrenergic receptors. These receptors are primarily divided into two main classes—alpha (α) and beta (β)—with further subtypes within each class: Alpha-1 (α1), Alpha-2 (α2), Beta-1 (β1), Beta-2 (β2), and Beta-3 (β3). Each subtype has distinct tissue distributions and physiological roles.

Mechanism of Action

Agonism or antagonism of adrenergic receptors, modulating downstream signaling pathways.

Biological Functions

Signal transduction
Cardiovascular regulation
Respiratory regulation
Metabolic regulation
Neuromodulation

Disease Associations

Hypertension
Heart failure
Asthma
Anxiety disorders
Depression
Cardiovascular disease

Safety Considerations

  • Cardiovascular side effects (e.g., arrhythmias, hypotension)
  • Bronchospasm (with beta-blockers in susceptible individuals)
  • Central nervous system effects (e.g., anxiety, insomnia)

Interacting Drugs

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Beta-blockers (e.g., Propranolol, Atenolol)
Alpha-blockers (e.g., Prazosin)
Beta-agonists (e.g., Albuterol)
Alpha-agonists (e.g., Clonidine)

Associated Biomarkers

Biomarker
Plasma catecholamine levels
Adrenergic receptor polymorphisms