Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial (AGXT2)

Alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial (AGXT2), is a pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent mitochondrial enzyme primarily expressed in kidney and liver. It catalyzes a range of transamination reactions, including the conversion of glyoxylate to glycine using alanine, and transfers amino groups from beta-alanine and other amino acids to pyruvate and related keto acids. AGXT2 is unique among aminotransferases for its broad substrate specificity, including metabolism of D-beta-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) and methylarginines such as asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginine. Through regulation of methylarginines, AGXT2 contributes to nitric oxide homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. Genetic polymorphisms in AGXT2 are linked to varied disease susceptibility, including hypertension and atherosclerosis. AGXT2 has recently emerged as a candidate therapeutic target and biomarker in cardiovascular and renal disease due to its key metabolic and regulatory activities[1][2][3][5].

Other names

AGT2AGT 2(R)-3-amino-2-methylpropionate--pyruvate transaminaseBeta-ALAAT IIBeta-alanine-pyruvate aminotransferaseD-3-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate aminotransferaseD-AIBATD-beta-aminoisobutyrate-pyruvate aminotransferaseBAIBA-pyruvate aminotransferaseDimethylarginine-pyruvate aminotransferaseAlanine-γ,δ-dioxovaleric acid aminotransferaseAGXT2, mitochondrial

AGXT2 reduces asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA, SDMA) levels, which are inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, potentially influencing vascular tone and blood pressure regulation[1][5]. Transaminase action on beta-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), glyoxylate, beta-alanine, and methylarginines[1].