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Target intelligence / Profile preview
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A3 (ALDH1A1; ALDH1A3)
- Target
- ALDH1A1; ALDH1A3
- Molecular classification
- Enzyme, Oxidoreductase, Aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily
01
Overview
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family members A1 and A3 (ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3) are intracellular enzymes belonging to the ALDH superfamily. They irreversibly oxidize aldehyde substrates to carboxylic acids, mediating key detoxification reactions. Both proteins are pivotal in retinoic acid synthesis from retinal, influencing stemness, tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance in cancer. Their aberrant expression is linked to poor prognosis in several solid tumors, and both function as cancer stem cell markers and direct drug targets in oncology research.
- Other names
- Cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenaseAldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1-A3Aldehyde dehydrogenase 6ALDH1A3
02
Mechanism of action
Enzymatic inhibition to reduce chemoresistance and cancer stem cell survival; Modulation of retinoic acid signaling to alter stemness and tumor progression; Aldehyde metabolism inhibition leading to cytotoxic accumulation of toxic substrates
03
Biological functions
Detoxification of aldehydesIrreversible oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acidsRegulation of retinoic acid signalingStem cell maintenance and biologyChemoresistance mechanismsModulation of tumor initiation and progression
04
Disease associations
Cancer (especially solid tumors)Chemoresistance in oncologyCancer stem cell markerTumor metastasis and progression
05
Safety considerations
Off-target toxicity (due to role in normal stem and progenitor cells)Potential interference with physiological retinoic acid metabolismSystemic effects from generalized ALDH inhibition
06
Interacting drugs
Disulfiram (ALDH inhibitor, non-selective but commonly interacts with ALDH1 isoforms)
2 more in the full profile.
07
Biomarkers
High ALDH1A1 and/or ALDH1A3 expression linked to cancer stem cell populationsUsed for patient selection in cancer studiesPrognostic indicator for tumor aggressiveness and chemoresistance
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