Allergen (IgE-binding protein)

Allergens are typically foreign proteins or glycoproteins that elicit an immune response by binding to immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in humans. This IgE-mediated recognition is central to the development of allergic diseases. They contain B-cell epitopes that bind to IgE and T-cell epitopes that induce a Th2 response. Upon re-exposure, allergens cross-link surface-bound IgE on mast cells/basophils, triggering degranulation and release of inflammatory mediators, leading to allergic symptoms. Therapeutic targeting includes avoidance, pharmacologic suppression, and immunotherapy.

Other names

IgE-binding proteinAllergenic proteinEnvironmental allergenFood allergen

Antihistamines: H1 receptor antagonist; Corticosteroids: Anti-inflammatory; Epinephrine: Adrenergic receptor agonist; Omalizumab: Binds to IgE, preventing binding to FcεRI; Allergen immunotherapy: Induces tolerance to allergen