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Alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase-modified Surface Carbohydrate Antigens (α-Gal antigens)
- Target
- α-Gal antigens
- Molecular classification
- Glycoprotein, Glycolipid, Carbohydrate antigen
01
Overview
Alpha-1,3-galactosyltransferase (α1,3GT) modifies surface glycoproteins and glycolipids by adding galactose in an α-1,3 linkage, creating the α-Gal epitope. This epitope is absent in humans due to a nonfunctional GGTA1 gene, leading to the production of natural anti-Gal antibodies. These antibodies recognize α-Gal as foreign, causing hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantation and IgE-mediated allergic reactions to red meat (alpha-gal syndrome) following tick bites.
- Other names
- Galactose-alpha-1,3-galactoseGalα(1→3)Galβ(1→4)GlcNAcGalili antigenalpha-GalαGalGGTA1-modified carbohydrates
02
Biological functions
Immune recognitionXenotransplantation barrierAllergen
03
Disease associations
Xenograft rejectionAlpha-gal syndrome (red meat allergy)
04
Safety considerations
Hyperacute rejection in xenotransplantationAllergic reactionsIgE-mediated anaphylaxis
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