Alpha-fetoprotein receptor (AFPR) (AFPR)

The Alpha-fetoprotein receptor (AFPR) is a cell-surface glycoprotein that is highly expressed during fetal development and significantly up-regulated in various malignant tissues, while remaining nearly undetectable in normal adult cells (Mizejewski, 2011, PubMed: 21831009). It primarily functions to mediate the internalization of Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) via receptor-mediated endocytosis, allowing cells to transport essential fatty acids and other ligands required for rapid proliferation (Moro et al., 2005, PubMed: 15897161). In the context of oncology, AFPR serves as a highly specific portal for the targeted delivery of cytotoxic drugs, toxins, and radioisotopes, effectively using the AFP-AFPR interaction as a delivery vehicle (Geuskens et al., 1989, PubMed: 2474318). This oncofetal expression pattern makes it an attractive target for reducing systemic toxicity in cancer treatment. Clinical and preclinical efforts have focused on AFP-drug conjugates and AFP-derived peptides that bind specifically to this receptor to induce apoptosis in tumor cells (Mizejewski, 2017, PubMed: 28911510). Furthermore, the presence of AFPR (often referred to as RECAF in diagnostic contexts) is utilized as a biomarker for the early detection and monitoring of several cancers, including hepatocellular and breast carcinomas (Moro et al., 2005).

Other names

RECAFAFP receptorAlpha-fetoprotein-binding proteinReceptor for Alpha-fetoprotein

Ligand-mediated internalization of cytotoxic agents via receptor-mediated endocytosis.