Molecular Classification
Neurotoxin, Pore-forming toxin, Protein
Other Names
α-Latrotoxin-Lt1a, α-LTX-Lt1a, Latrodectus tredecimguttatus toxin
Disease Roles
Latrodectism (Black Widow Spider Envenomation)

Alpha-latrotoxin Overview

Alpha-latrotoxin (α-LTX) is a potent presynaptic neurotoxin found in the venom of black widow spiders (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus). It induces exhaustive neurotransmitter release from nerve terminals and endocrine cells via pore formation and receptor-mediated mechanisms involving neurexins, latrophilins, and PTPσ. This leads to massive stimulation followed by depletion/blockade at neuromuscular junctions.

Mechanism of Action

Pore formation in cell membranes leading to calcium influx and subsequent neurotransmitter release; Receptor-mediated exocytosis stimulation via Neurexins, Latrophilins, and PTPσ.

Biological Functions

Neurotransmitter release induction
Pore formation
Calcium influx
Exocytosis stimulation
Synaptic transmission disruption

Disease Associations

Latrodectism (Black Widow Spider Envenomation)

Safety Considerations

  • Neurotoxicity
  • Massive neurotransmitter release leading to depletion and blockade
  • Systemic effects of envenomation (muscle pain, cramping, autonomic dysfunction)