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Alpha-latrotoxin (α-LTX)

Target: α-LTX
Molecular classification: Neurotoxin, Pore-forming toxin, Protein

Overview

Alpha-latrotoxin (α-LTX) is a potent presynaptic neurotoxin found in the venom of black widow spiders (Latrodectus tredecimguttatus). It induces exhaustive neurotransmitter release from nerve terminals and endocrine cells via pore formation and receptor-mediated mechanisms involving neurexins, latrophilins, and PTPσ. This leads to massive stimulation followed by depletion/blockade at neuromuscular junctions.

Other names: α-Latrotoxin-Lt1aα-LTX-Lt1aLatrodectus tredecimguttatus toxin

Mechanism of action

Pore formation in cell membranes leading to calcium influx and subsequent neurotransmitter release; Receptor-mediated exocytosis stimulation via Neurexins, Latrophilins, and PTPσ.

Biological functions

Neurotransmitter release inductionPore formationCalcium influxExocytosis stimulationSynaptic transmission disruption

Disease associations

Latrodectism (Black Widow Spider Envenomation)

Safety considerations

NeurotoxicityMassive neurotransmitter release leading to depletion and blockadeSystemic effects of envenomation (muscle pain, cramping, autonomic dysfunction)

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